Culture

Strategies for Inclusive Outdoor Recreation and Adaptive Apparel for People with Paralysis: Exploring Identity, Belonging, and Appearance Management

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Abstract

Outdoor recreation remains largely inaccessible to people with paralysis (PWP) due to systemic, social, and product-related barriers. This study examined how outdoor culture, apparel and gear limitations, and structural and policy constraints shape participation, identity, belonging, and appearance management for PWP. Guided by the Social Model of Disability and critiques of eco-ableism, the research employed one-on-one qualitative interviews with 23 participants, recruited through adaptive sports organizations. Thematic analysis revealed three interconnected challenges: exclusionary social attitudes and outdoor norms, ill-fitting and inaccessible clothing and gear, and limited accessible infrastructure, adaptive equipment, and inclusive programming. Findings emphasize that barriers to outdoor participation stem from social and environmental systems rather than individual impairments. Apparel emerged as both a functional and expressive factor influencing confidence, belonging, and participation. The study highlights the need for inclusive apparel design, accessible infrastructure, and systemic change to support equitable outdoor recreation for people with paralysis.

Keywords: Disability, Paralysis, Adaptive Apparel, Outdoor Recreation

How to Cite:

Morris, K. D., Hobbs-Murphy, K., McBee-Black, K. & Aflatoony, L., (2026) “Strategies for Inclusive Outdoor Recreation and Adaptive Apparel for People with Paralysis: Exploring Identity, Belonging, and Appearance Management”, International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings 82(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.31274/itaa.22731