Textile and Apparel Science

Female Soft Body Armor for First Responders: Effects of Panel Design and Materials on Performance and Comfort

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Abstract

Personal protective equipment like soft body armor is crucial for female first responders, yet historical designs based on male anthropometry have resulted in poor fit, discomfort, and compromised protection. This review examines recent advancements in design methodologies, material innovations, and manufacturing techniques specifically for female soft body armor. A comprehensive literature search spanning 2000-2024 analyzed peer-reviewed articles focusing on gender-specific design and performance metrics. Findings reveal that while traditional methods initially addressed female contours, they created ballistic vulnerabilities. Recent innovations, including 3D scanning, seamless knitting, and advanced materials such as shear thickening fluid, show promise in resolving fit issues. Updated testing standards from NIJ, HOSDB/CAST, and ISO now incorporate female-specific protocols. Despite these advancements, challenges in cost, scalability, and material rigidity persist. Future developments in smart textiles and AI-assisted customization offer pathways to achieving optimal protection, comfort, and mobility for female first responders.

Keywords: Female first responders, soft body armor; body armor design; impact resistance materials; comfort and performance, soft body armor, body armor design, impact resistance materials, comfort and performance

How to Cite:

Tamjid, M. & Abtew, M., (2025) “Female Soft Body Armor for First Responders: Effects of Panel Design and Materials on Performance and Comfort”, International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings 82(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.31274/itaa.21887