Design and Product Development

Gender-Specific Fit Challenges in Firefighter Turnout Gear: A Proportional Analysis

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Abstract

This study examines how differences in male and female body proportions affect the fit and performance of firefighter turnout gear. Although women make up nearly 10% of the U.S. firefighting workforce, most protective gear is still based on male body dimensions. Using anthropometric ratio analysis, the study evaluated key circumferential and vertical body proportions. Statistical results revealed significant gender differences across all measurements, explaining why current gear often limits movement, reduces comfort, and creates safety concerns for women. To address these issues, the study developed data-driven sizing increment recommendations ranging from 0.5 to 2 inches, tailored to specific body areas. The findings highlight the need for NFPA 1970 standards to integrate gender-specific proportional data so turnout gear can provide consistent protection, mobility, and performance for all firefighters.

Keywords: body proportional analysis, female firefighters, turnout gear, fit challenges

How to Cite:

Nguyen, K. & Park, H., (2025) “Gender-Specific Fit Challenges in Firefighter Turnout Gear: A Proportional Analysis”, International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings 82(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.31274/itaa.21864