Learning 3D/Virtual Technology in Apparel and Textiles (VTAT): Self-Efficacy Scale Development and Validation
Abstract
With the growing integration of 3D/virtual technology in the apparel industry, students in apparel programs must develop relevant skills for workplace success. This study aimed to create and validate a self-efficacy scale for learning 3D/virtual technology in apparel and textiles (VTAT). Self-efficacy, critical for academic and workplace success, reflects confidence in one's ability to use 3D tools for apparel-related problems. Using a three-phase process, researchers generated, purified, and validated a 16-item, three-factor VTAT self-efficacy scale. Data from 440 surveys collected across three universities supported the scale’s content, construct, and nomological validity, with significant relationships between self-efficacy factors and achievement motives. Findings highlight the importance of integrating practical 3D/virtual technology experiences into curricula to boost students’ self-efficacy. The scale offers a valuable tool for educators to assess and enhance pedagogical approaches, though further testing across diverse contexts is recommended to refine its application.
Keywords: 3D; Virtual Technology in Apparel and Textiles (VTAT);, self-efficacy, scale development, scale validation
How to Cite:
Watchravesringkan, K., Chang, H., Hodges, N. J. & Yan, R., (2025) “Learning 3D/Virtual Technology in Apparel and Textiles (VTAT): Self-Efficacy Scale Development and Validation”, International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings 81(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.31274/itaa.18725
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